• Nodular sclerosing HL
• Mixed-cellularity subtype
• Lymphocyte-rich or Lymphocytic predominance
• Lymphocyte depleted
• Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NLPHL)

• Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in neck, armpits, groin (swollen glands)
• Fatigue
• Fever and chills that come and go (380C / 100.4 F)
• Unexplained Itching all over the body
• Loss of appetite
• Soaking night sweats
• Unexplained Weight loss
• Other symptoms that may occur with this disease:
• Coughing, chest pains, or breathing problems if there are swollen lymph nodes in the chest
• Excessive sweating
• Pain or feeling of fullness below the ribs due to swollen spleen or liver
• Pain in lymph nodes after drinking alcohol
• Skin blushing or flushing
• What Causes Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• The exact cause of Hodgkin disease is not known
• Most Hodgkin's lymphomas occur when an infection-fighting cell called a B cell develops a mutation in its DNA.
• What are the factors that increase the risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma?
• Age: Generally Age group 15-35 and 55 years and above are diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Sex: Mostly Male are suspected to be on higher risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Previously exposed to the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common virus that causes glandular fever
• Medical condition that weaken immune system, such as HIV
• Previous treatment with chemotherapy or radiotherapy for Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
• How do we diagnose Hodgkin lymphomas?
• Lymph node biopsy: Hodgkin's lymphoma is diagnosed from Biopsy of lymph gland or other involved tissues.
• Histopathology reveals five subtypes: Nodular Sclerosis and Mixed cellularity are more common. The other varieties are Lymphocyte Depleted and Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL).
• Detection of cell surface antigens by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is confirmatory. Expression of CD30 and CD15 are seen in the RS cells, except in NLPHL, where these cells express CD20 rather than CD30 or Cd15.
• Blood tests: Sample of blood is examined in a lab to see if anything in the blood indicates the possibility of cancer. e.g. a low haemoglobin, low platelet counts and may be raised eosinophil etc.
• Imaging tests: Imaging tests used to diagnose Hodgkin's lymphoma include X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).
• Bone Marrow Biopsy: This is necessary to ascertain the extent of the disease. Rarely, the presentation is with Bone Marrow Involvement alone.
• Additional Tests: Serum LDH, ECG, Echocardiogram and Lung Function Test before starting treatment.
• How is Hodgkin disease staged?
• Stage I: Hodgkin disease is found in only 1 lymph node area or lymphoid organ such as the thymus (I). The cancer is found only in 1 area of a single organ outside the lymph system (IE).
• Stage II: Hodgkin disease is found in 2 or more lymph node areas on the same side of (above or below) the diaphragm — the muscle beneath the lungs that separates the chest and abdomen (II). The cancer extends locally from one lymph node area into a nearby organ (IIE).
• Stage III: Hodgkin disease is found in lymph node areas on both sides of (above and below) the diaphragm (III). Hodgkin disease is in lymph nodes above and below the diaphragm, and has also spread to nearby organs (IIIE), to the spleen (IIIS), or to both (IIIES).
• Stage IV: Hodgkin disease has spread widely through 1 or more organs outside of the lymph system. Cancer cells may or may not be found in nearby lymph nodes. Hodgkin disease is found in organs in 2 distant parts of the body (and not in nearby lymph nodes). Hodgkin disease is in the liver, bone marrow, lungs (other than by growing there directly from another site), or cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord).

Several types of treatment options are available for Hodgkin disease:

• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• High-dose chemotherapy and Bone Marrow transplant
• Favourable, Limited Stage Disease: Treated with short course chemotherapy and involved field radiotherapy; >95% cure rate.
• Unfavourable, Limited Stage Disease: Similar treatment but more intensive; > 90% cure rate
• Advanced Disease: ABVD/BEACOPP >60%-80% cure rates.